Study and Research in Diversity and Pluralism, 2009
(Designed for Research Fellows, 2009)
This course is offered by Martin Chautari to competitively selected Research Fellows who will, after course completion, conduct research on various themes related to enhancing the access of marginalized communities to higher education in Nepal. The objectives of this course are to familiarize the participants with: the major concepts and theoretical orientations in the study and research of diversity and pluralism; the various forms of social exclusion and their foundations in Nepal; and, the major political struggles, initiatives and public debates related to inclusion in Nepal and elsewhere.
The course is broadly divided into five sections, each consisting of a number of classes that are moderated by 'experts' in the related fields. It uses an integrated approach in which research methodology and writing are incorporated into each section.
The first part provides an overview of the various interpretations of Nepal's socio-economic and political history and how these interpretations help to grasp the causes of many of Nepal's 'contemporary problems'. It then moves on to trace the historical, political, economic and social foundations of exclusion of various groups and regions (e.g., Dalits, Women, Janajatis, Madhesis and Karnali/Mid and Far West) and the issues raised by various movements associated with the 'liberation' of these groups and regions. After this detailed and empirical treatment of the Nepal case, the second part proceeds to enhance the understanding of the theoretical/conceptual issues in the study and research of diversity and pluralism, such as social exclusion and social inclusion, identity and citizenship, multiculturalism, democracy, and secularism.
The third part focuses on Nepal's school and higher education system, especially examining how unequal access and representation are built into the system and reproduced. The fourth part critically examines the strategies to promote inclusion of hitherto excluded groups (such as affirmative action/positive discrimination, state restructuring and federalism), taking a comparative approach while doing so. And the final part includes a number of sessions that seek to enhance the capacity of the fellows to use specific research methods and tools.
Course content and schedule
January 11: Doing research at Martin Chautari (Pratyoush Onta and Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Onta, Pratyoush. 2062 v.s. Samaj Bigyanma Naya Pusta: Pragyik Gairsarkari Sansthako Bhumika. Rupantaran 2: 1-17.
- Bhatta, Pramod, Lila Adhikari, Manu Thada and Ramesh Rai. 2008. Structures of denial: Social exclusion in Nepal’s higher education. A paper submitted to Martin Chautari, Kathmandu, Nepal. (written comments on this article required)
- Academic writing: books reviews, commentaries and articles. (Please read the book review sections in Studies in Nepali History and Society and Media Adhyayan 3, and Notes for Contributors in Studies in Nepali History and Society).
January 12: Introduction to Nepal’s history (Pratyoush Onta)
Reading requirements:
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra. 1995. The Conquests of Gorkha. In Kings and political leaders of the Gorkhali Empire 1768-1814, pp. 1-17. New Delhi: Orient Longman.
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra. 1995. The Political Leadership. In Kings and political leaders of the Gorkhali Empire 1768-1814, pp. 36-48. New Delhi: Orient Longman.
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra. 1995. The quest for economic security. In Kings and political leaders of the Gorkhali Empire 1768-1814, pp. 49-62. New Delhi: Orient Longman.
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra. 1999. The Rajya, Birta and Jagir Systems. In Thatched Huts and Stucco Palaces, pp. 39-43. New Delhi: Adroit Publishers.
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra. 1999. Thatched huts and stucco palaces (with a glossary of key terms). In Thatched Huts and Stucco Palaces, pp. 39-43, 172-179. New Delhi: Adroit Publishers.
- Sharma, Prayag Raj. 2004. Nepal: Hindu-tribal interface. In The State and Society in Nepal: Historical foundations and contemporary trends, pp. 185-199. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
- Hofer, Andras. 2004. Chapters I, II & III. In The Caste Hierarchy and the State in Nepal: A study of the Muluki Ain of 1854, 2nd edition, pp. 1-16. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
January 14: Commentary on Modern Nepal’s history (CK Lal)
January 15: Nepal’s Development after 1951 (Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Stiller, Ludwig and Ram Prakash Yadav. 1978. The Starting Point. In Planning for People, pp. 1-29. Kathmandu: Sahayogi Prakashan.
- Sharma, Sudhindra.2002. Half-a-Century of Foreign Aid. In Foreign Aid and Politics in Nepal, by Eugene B. Mihaly (Second Edition), pp. xix-lx. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
- Pigg, Stacy. 1993. Unintended consequences: the ideological impact of development in Nepal. South Asia Bulletin 13(1&2): 45-58.
January 18: Evolution of Nepali Nationalism (Pratyoush Onta)
Reading requirements:
- Burghart, Richard. 1984. The formation of the concept of nation state in Nepal. In The conditions of listening: Essays on religion, history and politics in South Asia, by C.J Fuller and Jonathan Spencer, eds, pp. 226-260. New delhi: Oxford University Press.
- Shah, Saubhagya. 2050 v.s. Shishu rastrako pida. Himal 2050 V.S: 40-47.
- Onta, Pratyoush. 1999. The career of Bhanubhakta as a history of Nepali national culture, 1940- 1999. Studies in Nepali History and Society 4(1): 65-136.
- Onta, Pratyoush. 1996. Ambivalence denied: the making of Rastriya Itihas in Panchayat era textbooks. Contributions to Nepalese Studies, 23(1): 213-254.
January 19: The Evolution of Democracy in Nepal after 1951 (Ramesh Parajuli)
Reading requirements:
- Baral, L.S. 1972. Opposition Groups in Nepal, 1960-70. Journal of International Affairs XXVII(1): 12-45.
- Seddon, David. 1993. Democracy and Development in Nepal. In Nepal in the Nineties, by Michael Hutt, eds., pp. 128-164. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
- Parajuli, Ramesh. Forthcoming. The politics of public library. Chapter of PhD dissertation, University of Bielefeld, Germany.
January 21: Understanding Exclusion in Nepal (Lynn Bennett)
Reading requirements:
- DFID and The World Bank. 2005. The historical and socio-cultural foundations of exclusion in Nepal. In Citizens with(out) rights: Nepal gender and social exclusion assessment, Chapter 3. Kathmandu: DFID and The World Bank.
- Lawoti, Mahendra. 2005. Socio-cultural cleavages and conflicts in Nepal. In Towards a Democratic Nepal: Inclusive political institutions for a multicultural society, pp. 87-112. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
- Bennett, Lynn. 2008. Policy Reform and Culture Change: Contesting Gender, Caste and Ethnic Exclusion in Nepal. In Inclusive States: Social Policy and Structural Inequalities, by Anis A. Dani and Arjan de Haan, eds., pp.197-224. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
January 22: Dalit Exclusion and Dalit Aandolan (Khagendra Sangroula and Ahuti)
Reading requirements:
- DFID and The World Bank. 2005. The Public discourse and action to address caste discrimination. In Citizens with(out) rights: Nepal gender and social exclusion assessment, Chapter 8. Kathmandu: DFID and The World Bank.
- Bishowkarma, Hira. 2063 V.S. Dalit Mahilaka Sawal ra tinko Samadhan. In Nepalma Dalit Mahila, by Dalit mahila Sangh (FEDO), pp. 117-140. Kathmandu: Dalit Mahila Sangh.
- Ahuti. 2004. Hindu Samajma Dalit Jatiya Muktiko Prashna. In Nepalko Sandarvama Samajshashtriya Chintan, by Mary DesChene and Pratyoush Onta, eds., pp. 522-557. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
January 25: Janajati Exclusion (Mukta Singh Tamang)
Reading requirements:
- INSEC. 2004. Adivasi Janajati ra Manav Adhikar. In Human Rights Year Book 2004, pp. 109- 130. Kathmandu: INSEC.
- Gurung, Harka. 2004. Rastriyata ra Janajati. In Nepalko Sandarvama Samajshashtriya Chintan, by Mary DesChene and Pratyoush Onta, eds., pp. 418-440. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Pfaff-Czarnecka, Joanna. 1997. Vestiges and Visions: Cultural Change in the Process of NationBuilding in Nepal. In Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Nepal. The Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers.
- Holmberg, David. 1989. Tamang comparatively reconstructed. In Order in paradox: Myth, ritual and exchange among Nepal's Tamang, pp. 11-50. New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass Publishers.
- Tamang, Parashuram. 2050 v.s. Ojhelma pareka Tamangharu. Himal 2050 V.S: 56-61.
- Guneratne, Arjun. 2006. Tharu ra Rajya: Prajatantra, Rajya Nirman ra Janajati Pahichan. In Madhes: Samasya ra Sambhawana, by Basanta Thapa and Mohan Mainali, eds., pp. 42-54. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
January 26: Janajati Aandolan (Pratyoush Onta, Kailash Rai)
Reading requirements:
- Onta, Pratyoush. 2006. The growth of the Adivasi Janajati movement in Nepal after 1990: The non-political institutional agents. Studies in Nepali History and Society 11(2): 303-354.
- Rai, Kailash. Forthcoming. Adivasi Janajati Mahila Aandolan. Studies in Nepali History and Society.
- Tamang, Mukta Singh. 2006. Culture, Caste and Ethnicity in the Maoist Movement. Studies in Nepali History and Society 11(2): 271-301.
- Sato, Seika. 2006. Discourse and practice of Janajati-building: creative (dis)junctions with local communities among the people from Yolmo. Studies in Nepali History and Society 11(2): 355- 388.
January 28: The Spatial dimensions of Ethnicity in Nepal (Pitamber Sharma)
Reading requirements:
- Sharma, Pitamber. 2008. Nepali Canvaska Rangharu. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
January 29: Madhes Exclusion and Madhes Aandolan (Brikhesh Chandra Lal)
Reading requirements:
- Bernado, M. 2006. Tarai: Muglanko Bhag wa Gorkhako? In Madhes: Samasya ra Sambhawana, by Basanta Thapa and Mohan Mainali, eds., pp. 29-41. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Majumdar, Mrinamoya. 2006. Dhani Thaun, Garib Arthatantra. In Madhes: Samasya ra Sambhawana, by Basanta Thapa and Mohan Mainali, eds., pp. 9-28. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Gautam, Bhaskar (Eds.). 2008. Madhes Aandolanko Nalibeli. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
- Hyome, K. 2006. Madhespratiko Vivhedh ra Samanata Aandolan. In Madhes: Samasya ra Sambhawana, by Basanta Thapa and Mohan Mainali, eds., pp. 475-521. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Dahal, Dilli Ram. 2050 v.s. Taraiko Bivajit Pahichan. Himal 2050 V.S: 13-16.
February 1: Exclusion of Karnali (Jagannath Adhikari)
Reading requirements:
- Shah, Saubhagya. 2004. Karnali: Pida ra Muktiko Upaya. In Nepalma Garibiko Bahas, by Bhaskar Gautam, Jagannath Adhikari and Purna Basnet, eds., pp. 274-280. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
- Adhikari, Jagannath. Forthcoming. Development in Karnali and the Food Crisis. In Food Crisis in Karnali: A historical and politico-economic perspective. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
February 2: The Language Issue (Yogendra P. Yadav)
Reading requirements:
- Kainla, Bairagi. 2058 v.s. Adivasi ra Janajatiko Bhashako Samrakchhyan ra Bikas. In Chhapama Janajati, by Pratyoush Onta, Kumar Yatru and Bhashkar Gautam, eds., pp. 289-295. Kathmandu: Ekta Books.
- Koirala, Bidhyanath. 2064 V.S. Matribhashama Shikchhyan: Nepalko Bhashik Samasya Samadhan garne Tarika. In Shikchhyama Baikalpik Chintan, pp. 587-596. Kathmandu: Samajik Bikaskalagi Pragyik Manch.
- Yadav, Yogendra Prasad. 2006. Taraika Bhashaharu: Sandarva ra Sambhawana. In Madhes: Samasya ra Sambhawana, by Basanta Thapa and Mohan Mainali, eds., pp. 84-98. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
February 4: Gender Exclusion and Mahila Aandolan (Seira Tamang)
Reading requirements:
- Tamang, Seira. 2004. Nepalma Bikase Naribad. In Nepalko Sandarvama Samajshashtriya Chintan, by Mary DesChene and Pratyoush Onta, eds., pp. 522-557. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Tamang, Seira. 2002. Dis-embedding the sexual/social contract: Citizenship and gender in Nepal. Citizenship Studies 6(3): 309-324.
- Acharya, Meena. 1997. Political participation of women in Nepal. In Women and politics worldwide, by Barbara Nelson and Najima Chowdhary, eds., pp. 479-495. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
- Sob, Durga. 2063 V.S. Nepalma Mahila Aandolan ra Dalit Mahila. In Nepalma Dalit Mahila, by Dalit Mahila Sangh (FEDO), pp. 1-16. Kathmandu: Dalit Mahila Sangh.
February 5: Discussion on opinion paper (Pratyoush Onta and Pramod Bhatta)
February 9: Social Exclusion and Social Inclusion (Rajendra Pradhan)
Reading requirements:
- de Haan, Arjan. 2000. Social exclusion: Enriching the understanding of deprivation? Studies in Social and Political Thought 2(2): 22-40.
- Sen, Amartya. 2004. Social Exclusion: Concept, Application, Scrutiny. New Delhi: Critical Quest.
- Silver, Hilary. 1995. Reconceptualizing social disadvantage: Three paradigms of social exclusion. In Social Exclusion: Rhetoric, Reality, Responses, by Gerry Rodgers, Charles Gore and Jose Figueiredo, eds., pp. 57-80. Geneva: International Institute for Labor Studies, UNDP.
- Jackson, Cecile. 1999. Social exclusion and gender: does one size fit all? The European Journal of development Research 11(1): 125-146.
- Pradhan, Rajendra. 2006. Understanding social exclusion and social inclusion in the Nepalese context: some preliminary remarks. Paper presented at the workshop "Understanding social exclusion and social inclusion: Theories, methodologies and data" organized by the Social Science Baha and the Social Inclusion Research Fund/SNV, 3 June 2006.
February 11: Democracy and Inclusive States (Krishna Hachhethu)
Reading requirements:
- Hachhethu, Krishna. 2003. Democracy and nationalism: Interface between state and ethnicity in Nepal. Contributions to Nepalese Studies 30(2): 217-252.
- Mikesell, Stephen. 2004. Prajatantra. In Nepalko Sandarvama Samajshashtriya Chintan, by Mary DesChene and Pratyoush Onta, eds., pp.1-41. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Dryzek, John S. 1996. Political Inclusion and the Dynamics of Democratization. The American Political Science Review 90(3): 475-487.
- Johannsen, Lars and Karin Hilmer Pedersen. 2008. The Responsive State: Openness and Inclusion in the Policy Process. In Inclusive States: Social Policy and Structural Inequalities, by Anis A. Dani and Arjan de Haan, eds., pp.73-95. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
February 12: Madhes ra Nagarikata (Bhaskar Gautam)
Reading requirements:
- Gautam, Bhaskar. Forthcoming. Madhes Adhyayan: Prarambhik Tippani. Studies in Nepali History and Society.
February 13: Identity and Citizenship (Mukta Singh Tamang)
Reading requirements:
- Assiter, Alison. 1999. Citizenship Revisited. In Women, Citizenship and Difference, by Nira Yuval-Davis and Pnina Werbner, eds., pp. 41-53. London: Zed Books.
- Kabeer, Naila. 2005. Introduction: The search for inclusive citizenship: Meanings and expressions in an interconnected world. In Inclusive Citizenship: Meanings & Expressions, by Naila Kabeer, eds., pp. 1-27. New Delhi: Zubaan.
- Mohanty, Ranjita and Rajesh Tandon. 2006. Introduction: Identity, Exclusion, Inclusion: Issues in Participatory Citizenship. In Participatory Citizenship: Identity, Exclusion, Inclusion, by Ranjita Mohanty and Rajesh Tandon, eds., pp. 9-26. New Delhi: Sage.
February 15: Multiculturalism (Mukta Singh Tamang)
Reading requirements:
- Tamang, Mukta Singh. 2008. Samanata, Sanghiyata ra Bahusanskritik Rastrabad. In Rajya Punarsamrachana: Rajnitik, Arthik ra Sanskritik Drishtikon, by Krishna Khanal, Jhalak Subedi and Mukta Singh Tamang, pp. 105-158. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
- Kymlicka, Will. 2005. Liberal Multiculturalism: Western Models, Global Trends and Asian Debates. In Multiculturalism in Asia, by Will Kymlicka and Baogang He, eds., pp. 22-55. UK: Oxford University Press.Kymlicka, Will. 1995. The Politics of Multiculturalism. In Multicultural Citizenship, pp. 10-33. UK: Oxford University Press.
February 16: Issues in Diversity and Pluralism in Nepal (Hari Prasad Bhattarai)
Reading requirements:
- Bhattarai, Hari Prasad. 2004. Cultural diversity and pluralism in Nepal: Emerging issues and search for a new paradigm. Contributions to Nepalese Studies 31(2): 293-340.
- Pradhan, Rajendra. 2002. Ethnicity, caste and a pluralist society. In State of Nepal, by Kanak Mani Dixit and Shastri Ramachandaran, eds., pp. 1-21. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
February 18: Hinduism and Secularism (Sudhindra Sharma)
Reading requirements:
- Sharma, Sudhindra. 2004. Hindu Adhirajya ra Dharmanirapekchhyata. In Nepalko Sandarvama Samajshashtriya Chintan, by Mary DesChene and Pratyoush Onta, eds., pp.447-474. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Sharma, Sudhindra and Pawan Kumar Sen. 2008. Nepal Samasamayik Rajnitik Paristhiti-5. Kathmandu: Interdisciplinary Analysts.
- Toffin, Gerard. 2006. The politics of Hinduism and secularism in Nepal. Studies in Nepali History and Society 11(2): 219-240.
February 19: Discussion on opinion paper (Pratyoush Onta and Pramod Bhatta)
February 22: The Responses of Dalit NGOs and the State to Dalit Issues/Aandolan (Durga Sob)
Reading requirements:
- DFID/World Bank. 2005. The Public discourse and action to address caste discrimination. In Citizens with(out) rights: Nepal gender and social exclusion assessment, Chapter 8. Kathmandu: DFID/World Bank.
February 23: Development of Education in Nepal (Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Bhatta, Pramod. 2007. Providing Education for All: Foreign Aid and the Development of Primary Education in Nepal. Tokyo: Setsutaro Kobayashi Memorial Fund, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
- Caddell, Martha. 2007. Education and Change: A Historical Perspective on Schooling, Development and the Nepali Nation-State. In Education and Social Change in South Asia, by Krishna Kumar and Joachim Oesterheld, eds., pp. 251-284. New Delhi: Orient Longman.
- Valentin, Karen. 2005. Education and Nation-Building in Nepal: An Historical Perspective. In Schooled for the Future: Educational Policy and Everyday Life among Urban Squatters in Nepal, by Karen Valentin, pp. 53-68. Connecticut: Information Age Publishing.
February 25: Equity in Higher Education (Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Chanana, Karuna. 2001. Accessing higher education: The dilemma of schooling women, minorities, SCs and STs in contemporary India. In Interrogating Women's Education: Bounded Visions, Expanding Horizons, pp. 287-332. New Delhi: Rawat Publications.
- Mehta, Aashish and Rana Hasan. 2008. Underrepresentation in colleges: what do the data tell us? In In Search of Inclusive policy: Addressing Graded Inequality, by Sukhadeo Thorat and Narender Kumar, eds., pp. 166-181. New Delhi: Rawat Publications in association with Indian Institute of Dalit Studies.
- World Bank. 2002. Confronting the old challenges: The continuing crisis of tertiary education in developing and transition countries. In Constructing knowledge societies: New challenges for tertiary education. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
February 26: What we know and don't know much about Nepal's education? Implications for further educational research (Bidhyanath Koirala)
March 1: Issues in Nepal's Education (Kedar Bhakta Mathema)
Reading requirements:
- Mathema, Kedar Bhakta. 2007. Crisis in Education and Future Challenges for Nepal. European Bulletin of Himalayan Research 31: 46-66.
- Bhatta, Saurav Dev. 2004. Disparities in School Performance in the SLC Exams: an Exploratory Analysis. Studies in Nepali History and Society 9(2): 293-343.
- Stash, Sharon and Emily Hannum. 2001. Who goes to school? Educational stratification by gender, caste and ethnicity in Nepal. Comparative Education Review 45(3): 354-378.
- Parajuli, Mahesh Nath. 2062 V.S. Nepali Schoolma Dalit Bahishkar ra Bivedhka Kura. In Rajyako Punarsamrachanama Dalit Sahabhagita, by Bidhyanath Koirala, Rajan Khadka and Rajkumar Baral, eds., pp. 131-142. Kathmandu: Bidhyanath Koirala, Rajan Khadka and Rajkumar Baral.
March 2: Issues in Nepal's Higher Education (Hridaya Ratna Bajracharya)
Reading requirements:
- Khaniya, Tirth. 2007. Overview of the development of higher education in Nepal. In New Horizons in Education in Nepal, pp. 117-136. Kathmandu: Kishor Khaniya.
- Sijapati, Bandita. 2005. Perils of Higher Education Reform in Nepal. Journal of Development and Social Transformation 2: 25-33.
March 2: Martin Chautari writing style for academic papers (Shekhar Parajuli)
March 5: Discussion on opinion paper (Pratyoush Onta and Pramod Bhatta)
March 15: Deadline for submission of opinion paper 3.00 pm sharp.
March 16: Reservation/Affirmative Action in India (CK Lal)
Reading requirements:
- de Haan, Arjan. 2008. Citizens, Identity and Public Policy: Affirmative Action in India. In Inclusive States: Social Policy and Structural Inequalities, by Anis A. Dani and Arjan de Haan, eds., pp. 225-247. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
- Sharma, Arvind. 2005. History and theory of affirmative action in India. In Reservation and Affirmative Action: Models of Social Integration in India and the United States, pp. 143-169. New Delhi: Sage.
March 18: Debating the Policies for Social Inclusion in Nepal (Krishna B. Bhattachan)
Reading requirements:
- Bhattachan, Krishna B. 2005. Quest for Inclusive Democracy in Nepal: Identifying Process and Content. In Readings in Governance and Development, Volume IV, by Mukti Rijal, eds., pp. 70-85. Kathmandu: Institute of Governance and Development.
- Bhattachan, Krishna and Dilliram Dahal. 2007. Nepalma Aarakchhyan sambandhi Samajshastriya Drishtikon. In Bishesh Adhikar ra Aarakchhyanko Rajniti, by Purna Basnet and Suvash Darnal, eds., pp. 29-80. Kathmandu: Jagaran Media Center.
- Gurung, Harka. 2007. Nepalko Sandarvama Sakaratmak Bivedh. In Bishesh Adhikar ra Aarakchhyanko Rajniti, by Purna Basnet and Suvash Darnal, eds., pp. 81-115. Kathmandu: Jagaran Media Center.
- Rao, Aruna and David Kelehar. 2007. Samajik Samabesikaranko Madhyamka Rupma Sakaratmak Bivedh: Bhram ra Yethartha. In Bishesh Adhikar ra Aarakchhyanko Rajniti, by Purna Basnet and Suvash Darnal, eds., pp. 117-164. Kathmandu: Jagaran Media Center.
March 19: Affirmative Action in the United States of America (Mark Larsen)
- Libertella, Anthony, Sebastian Sora and Samuel Natale. 2007. Affirmative Action Policy and Changing Views. Journal of Business Ethics 74: 65-71.
- Burns, Prue and Jan Schapper. 2008. The Ethical Case for Affirmative Action. Journal of Business Ethics 83: 369-379.
- Brown, Susan and Charles Hirschman. 2006. The End of Affirmative Action in Washington State and its Impact on the Transition from High School to College. Sociology of Education 79(2): 106-130.
- Timeline of Affirmative Action Milestones in the US.
- Should affirmative action policies, which give preferential treatment based on minority status, be eliminated?
- Civil Rights and Racial Preferences: A Legal History of Affirmative Action.
March 22: Education, Equality and Citizenship: Lessons from Europe (Andreas Follesdal)
Reading requirements:
- Follesdal, Andreas. 2008. Equality of Education and Citizenship: Challenges of European Integration.
- Follesdal, Andreas. 2002. Schools and Equality. In Proceedings from the 26th Annual Conference of the ATTE Association for Teacher Education in Europe, pp. 29-42. Norway: Stockholm Institute of Education Press.
March 23: Reservation/Affirmative Action in Education (Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Koirala, Bidhyanath. 2007. Shaikchhik Aarakchhyan: Dalit Aarakchhyanko Swarup ra Parinati. In Bishesh Adhikar ra Aarakchhyanko Rajniti, by Purna Basnet and Suvash Darnal, eds., pp. 239-246. Kathmandu: Jagaran Media Center.
- Basant, Rakesh. 2006. Comments: Reservation in higher education. Seminar 565.
- Rao, S. Srinivas. 2008. Equality in higher education: The impact of affirmative action policies. In In Search of Inclusive policy: Addressing Graded Inequality, by Sukhadeo Thorat and Narender Kumar, eds., pp. 286-311. New Delhi: Rawat Publications in association with Indian Institute of Dalit Studies.
- Deshpande, Satish and Yogendra Yadav. 2008. Redesigning affirmative action. In In Search of Inclusive policy: Addressing Graded Inequality, by Sukhadeo Thorat and Narender Kumar, eds., pp. 191-208. New Delhi: Rawat Publications in association with Indian Institute of Dalit Studies.
March 29: Hurdles to social inclusion and multiculturalism in the current political transition in Nepal (Krishna Khanal)
Reading requirements:
- Khanal, Krishna. 2008. Rajya Punarsamrachanako Bhavi Rajnitik Gantabya. In Rajya Punarsamrachana: Rajnitik, Arthik ra Sanskritik Drishtikon, by Krishna Khanal, Jhalak Subedi and Mukta Singh Tamang, pp. 1-60. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
March 30: Social Inclusion in the Nepali Media (Shekhar Parajuli, JB Bishowkarma)
Reading requirements:
- Onta, Pratyoush, Harshaman Maharjan, Dev Raj Humagain and Shekhar Parajuli (Eds.). 2064 v.s. Samabesi Media. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari. (Read Introduction and Chapters 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 12)
Research Methods Sessions
April 5: The Logic of Social Research: writing a research proposal (Pratyoush Onta and Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Appadurai, Arjun. 2006. The Right to Research. Globalisation, Societies and Education 4(2): 167-177.
- Appadurai, Arjun. 2000. Grassroots Globalization and the Research Imagination. Public Culture 12(1): 1-19.
- Hart, Chris. 2005. Writing your research proposal. In Doing your masters dissertation, pp. 365- 405. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications.
April 6: What is the 'Field'? (Ramesh Parajuli, Dev Raj Humagain)
Reading requirements:
- Des Chene, Mary. 1997. Locating the Past. In Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science. Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson, eds., pp. 66-86. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Narayan, Kirin. 1993. How native is a 'native' anthropologist? American Anthropologist 95(3): 671-686.
April 8: Case Study Research (Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Yin, Robert K. 2003. Chapters 1&2. In Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
April 9: Using Large Data Sets: The Logic of Survey Research (Sudhindra Sharma)
Reading requirements:
- Neuman, W. Lawrence. 2003. Survey Research. In Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 3rd Edition, pp. 263-307. New York: Allyn and Bacon.
April 12: Feminist Research Method and Evolution of Research with Gender Perspective (Chandra Bhadra)
Reading requirements:
- Bhadra, Chandra. 2002. Poverty, gender and Intra-Household Resource Distribution: Implication on Human Resources Development. Hamro Sansar: A Journal of Women's Studies, Issue 1, March 2002: 6-12.
- Burns, Diane and Melanie Walker. 2005. Feminist Methodologies. In Research Methods in the Social Sciences, by Bridget Somekh and Cathy Lewin, eds., pp. 66-73. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications.
April 13: Content Analysis (Sharad Ghimire, Komal Bhatta, Harsha Man Maharjan)
Reading requirements:
- Krippendorff, Klaus. 2004. Chapter 2: Conceptual Foundation. In Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology, pp. 18-40. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Ghimire, Sharad. 2003. Nepali Chhapama batabaraniya Nyaya. In Mediako Chirfar: Kehi Samajik Sandarva, by Pratyoush Onta and Ramesh Parajuli, eds., pp. 23-68. Kathmandu: martin Chautari.
- Bhatta, Komal. 2002. Kathmanduka Sandhyakalin Patrika: Bishyabastu Bishleshan. In Mediako Antarbastu: Bibidh Bishleshan, by Pratyoush Onta, Rama Parajuli and ramesh Parajuli, eds, pp. 217-236. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
- Maharjan, Harsha Man. Forthcoming. Panchayatma 'Bikasko Lagi Sanchar' Awadharanako Rajniti.
April 15: Doing a Focus Group Discussion (Madhusudan Subedi)
Reading requirements:
- Kitzinger, Jenny. 2008. The methodology of focus groups: The importance of interaction between research participants. In Social Research Methods: A Reader (Indian Reprint), by Clive Seale, eds., pp. 269-272. London and New York: Routledge.
April 19: Doing and Coding an Interview (Navin Rawal)
Reading requirements:
- Quinn Patton, Michael. 2002. Qualitative Interviewing. In Qualitative Research and evaluation Methods, 3rd edition, pp. 339-427. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
April 20: Generating and Analyzing Qualitative Data (Bhim P. Subedi)
Reading requirements:
- Quinn Patton, Michael. 2002. Qualitative analysis and interpretation. In Qualitative Research and evaluation Methods, 3rd edition, pp. 429-540. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
April 21: Doing Observations (Janak Rai)
Reading requirements:
- Quinn Patton, Michael. 2002. Fieldwork strategies and observation methods. In Qualitative Research and evaluation Methods, 3rd edition, pp. 259-338. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Des Chene, Mary. 1997. “We women must try to live”: The Saga of Bhauju. Studies in Nepali History and Society 2(1): 125-172.
This course is offered by Martin Chautari to competitively selected Research Fellows who will, after course completion, conduct research on various themes related to enhancing the access of marginalized communities to higher education in Nepal. The objectives of this course are to familiarize the participants with: the major concepts and theoretical orientations in the study and research of diversity and pluralism; the various forms of social exclusion and their foundations in Nepal; and, the major political struggles, initiatives and public debates related to inclusion in Nepal and elsewhere.
The course is broadly divided into five sections, each consisting of a number of classes that are moderated by 'experts' in the related fields. It uses an integrated approach in which research methodology and writing are incorporated into each section.
The first part provides an overview of the various interpretations of Nepal's socio-economic and political history and how these interpretations help to grasp the causes of many of Nepal's 'contemporary problems'. It then moves on to trace the historical, political, economic and social foundations of exclusion of various groups and regions (e.g., Dalits, Women, Janajatis, Madhesis and Karnali/Mid and Far West) and the issues raised by various movements associated with the 'liberation' of these groups and regions. After this detailed and empirical treatment of the Nepal case, the second part proceeds to enhance the understanding of the theoretical/conceptual issues in the study and research of diversity and pluralism, such as social exclusion and social inclusion, identity and citizenship, multiculturalism, democracy, and secularism.
The third part focuses on Nepal's school and higher education system, especially examining how unequal access and representation are built into the system and reproduced. The fourth part critically examines the strategies to promote inclusion of hitherto excluded groups (such as affirmative action/positive discrimination, state restructuring and federalism), taking a comparative approach while doing so. And the final part includes a number of sessions that seek to enhance the capacity of the fellows to use specific research methods and tools.
Course content and schedule
January 11: Doing research at Martin Chautari (Pratyoush Onta and Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Onta, Pratyoush. 2062 v.s. Samaj Bigyanma Naya Pusta: Pragyik Gairsarkari Sansthako Bhumika. Rupantaran 2: 1-17.
- Bhatta, Pramod, Lila Adhikari, Manu Thada and Ramesh Rai. 2008. Structures of denial: Social exclusion in Nepal’s higher education. A paper submitted to Martin Chautari, Kathmandu, Nepal. (written comments on this article required)
- Academic writing: books reviews, commentaries and articles. (Please read the book review sections in Studies in Nepali History and Society and Media Adhyayan 3, and Notes for Contributors in Studies in Nepali History and Society).
January 12: Introduction to Nepal’s history (Pratyoush Onta)
Reading requirements:
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra. 1995. The Conquests of Gorkha. In Kings and political leaders of the Gorkhali Empire 1768-1814, pp. 1-17. New Delhi: Orient Longman.
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra. 1995. The Political Leadership. In Kings and political leaders of the Gorkhali Empire 1768-1814, pp. 36-48. New Delhi: Orient Longman.
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra. 1995. The quest for economic security. In Kings and political leaders of the Gorkhali Empire 1768-1814, pp. 49-62. New Delhi: Orient Longman.
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra. 1999. The Rajya, Birta and Jagir Systems. In Thatched Huts and Stucco Palaces, pp. 39-43. New Delhi: Adroit Publishers.
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra. 1999. Thatched huts and stucco palaces (with a glossary of key terms). In Thatched Huts and Stucco Palaces, pp. 39-43, 172-179. New Delhi: Adroit Publishers.
- Sharma, Prayag Raj. 2004. Nepal: Hindu-tribal interface. In The State and Society in Nepal: Historical foundations and contemporary trends, pp. 185-199. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
- Hofer, Andras. 2004. Chapters I, II & III. In The Caste Hierarchy and the State in Nepal: A study of the Muluki Ain of 1854, 2nd edition, pp. 1-16. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
January 14: Commentary on Modern Nepal’s history (CK Lal)
January 15: Nepal’s Development after 1951 (Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Stiller, Ludwig and Ram Prakash Yadav. 1978. The Starting Point. In Planning for People, pp. 1-29. Kathmandu: Sahayogi Prakashan.
- Sharma, Sudhindra.2002. Half-a-Century of Foreign Aid. In Foreign Aid and Politics in Nepal, by Eugene B. Mihaly (Second Edition), pp. xix-lx. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
- Pigg, Stacy. 1993. Unintended consequences: the ideological impact of development in Nepal. South Asia Bulletin 13(1&2): 45-58.
January 18: Evolution of Nepali Nationalism (Pratyoush Onta)
Reading requirements:
- Burghart, Richard. 1984. The formation of the concept of nation state in Nepal. In The conditions of listening: Essays on religion, history and politics in South Asia, by C.J Fuller and Jonathan Spencer, eds, pp. 226-260. New delhi: Oxford University Press.
- Shah, Saubhagya. 2050 v.s. Shishu rastrako pida. Himal 2050 V.S: 40-47.
- Onta, Pratyoush. 1999. The career of Bhanubhakta as a history of Nepali national culture, 1940- 1999. Studies in Nepali History and Society 4(1): 65-136.
- Onta, Pratyoush. 1996. Ambivalence denied: the making of Rastriya Itihas in Panchayat era textbooks. Contributions to Nepalese Studies, 23(1): 213-254.
January 19: The Evolution of Democracy in Nepal after 1951 (Ramesh Parajuli)
Reading requirements:
- Baral, L.S. 1972. Opposition Groups in Nepal, 1960-70. Journal of International Affairs XXVII(1): 12-45.
- Seddon, David. 1993. Democracy and Development in Nepal. In Nepal in the Nineties, by Michael Hutt, eds., pp. 128-164. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
- Parajuli, Ramesh. Forthcoming. The politics of public library. Chapter of PhD dissertation, University of Bielefeld, Germany.
January 21: Understanding Exclusion in Nepal (Lynn Bennett)
Reading requirements:
- DFID and The World Bank. 2005. The historical and socio-cultural foundations of exclusion in Nepal. In Citizens with(out) rights: Nepal gender and social exclusion assessment, Chapter 3. Kathmandu: DFID and The World Bank.
- Lawoti, Mahendra. 2005. Socio-cultural cleavages and conflicts in Nepal. In Towards a Democratic Nepal: Inclusive political institutions for a multicultural society, pp. 87-112. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
- Bennett, Lynn. 2008. Policy Reform and Culture Change: Contesting Gender, Caste and Ethnic Exclusion in Nepal. In Inclusive States: Social Policy and Structural Inequalities, by Anis A. Dani and Arjan de Haan, eds., pp.197-224. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
January 22: Dalit Exclusion and Dalit Aandolan (Khagendra Sangroula and Ahuti)
Reading requirements:
- DFID and The World Bank. 2005. The Public discourse and action to address caste discrimination. In Citizens with(out) rights: Nepal gender and social exclusion assessment, Chapter 8. Kathmandu: DFID and The World Bank.
- Bishowkarma, Hira. 2063 V.S. Dalit Mahilaka Sawal ra tinko Samadhan. In Nepalma Dalit Mahila, by Dalit mahila Sangh (FEDO), pp. 117-140. Kathmandu: Dalit Mahila Sangh.
- Ahuti. 2004. Hindu Samajma Dalit Jatiya Muktiko Prashna. In Nepalko Sandarvama Samajshashtriya Chintan, by Mary DesChene and Pratyoush Onta, eds., pp. 522-557. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
January 25: Janajati Exclusion (Mukta Singh Tamang)
Reading requirements:
- INSEC. 2004. Adivasi Janajati ra Manav Adhikar. In Human Rights Year Book 2004, pp. 109- 130. Kathmandu: INSEC.
- Gurung, Harka. 2004. Rastriyata ra Janajati. In Nepalko Sandarvama Samajshashtriya Chintan, by Mary DesChene and Pratyoush Onta, eds., pp. 418-440. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Pfaff-Czarnecka, Joanna. 1997. Vestiges and Visions: Cultural Change in the Process of NationBuilding in Nepal. In Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Nepal. The Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers.
- Holmberg, David. 1989. Tamang comparatively reconstructed. In Order in paradox: Myth, ritual and exchange among Nepal's Tamang, pp. 11-50. New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass Publishers.
- Tamang, Parashuram. 2050 v.s. Ojhelma pareka Tamangharu. Himal 2050 V.S: 56-61.
- Guneratne, Arjun. 2006. Tharu ra Rajya: Prajatantra, Rajya Nirman ra Janajati Pahichan. In Madhes: Samasya ra Sambhawana, by Basanta Thapa and Mohan Mainali, eds., pp. 42-54. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
January 26: Janajati Aandolan (Pratyoush Onta, Kailash Rai)
Reading requirements:
- Onta, Pratyoush. 2006. The growth of the Adivasi Janajati movement in Nepal after 1990: The non-political institutional agents. Studies in Nepali History and Society 11(2): 303-354.
- Rai, Kailash. Forthcoming. Adivasi Janajati Mahila Aandolan. Studies in Nepali History and Society.
- Tamang, Mukta Singh. 2006. Culture, Caste and Ethnicity in the Maoist Movement. Studies in Nepali History and Society 11(2): 271-301.
- Sato, Seika. 2006. Discourse and practice of Janajati-building: creative (dis)junctions with local communities among the people from Yolmo. Studies in Nepali History and Society 11(2): 355- 388.
January 28: The Spatial dimensions of Ethnicity in Nepal (Pitamber Sharma)
Reading requirements:
- Sharma, Pitamber. 2008. Nepali Canvaska Rangharu. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
January 29: Madhes Exclusion and Madhes Aandolan (Brikhesh Chandra Lal)
Reading requirements:
- Bernado, M. 2006. Tarai: Muglanko Bhag wa Gorkhako? In Madhes: Samasya ra Sambhawana, by Basanta Thapa and Mohan Mainali, eds., pp. 29-41. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Majumdar, Mrinamoya. 2006. Dhani Thaun, Garib Arthatantra. In Madhes: Samasya ra Sambhawana, by Basanta Thapa and Mohan Mainali, eds., pp. 9-28. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Gautam, Bhaskar (Eds.). 2008. Madhes Aandolanko Nalibeli. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
- Hyome, K. 2006. Madhespratiko Vivhedh ra Samanata Aandolan. In Madhes: Samasya ra Sambhawana, by Basanta Thapa and Mohan Mainali, eds., pp. 475-521. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Dahal, Dilli Ram. 2050 v.s. Taraiko Bivajit Pahichan. Himal 2050 V.S: 13-16.
February 1: Exclusion of Karnali (Jagannath Adhikari)
Reading requirements:
- Shah, Saubhagya. 2004. Karnali: Pida ra Muktiko Upaya. In Nepalma Garibiko Bahas, by Bhaskar Gautam, Jagannath Adhikari and Purna Basnet, eds., pp. 274-280. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
- Adhikari, Jagannath. Forthcoming. Development in Karnali and the Food Crisis. In Food Crisis in Karnali: A historical and politico-economic perspective. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
February 2: The Language Issue (Yogendra P. Yadav)
Reading requirements:
- Kainla, Bairagi. 2058 v.s. Adivasi ra Janajatiko Bhashako Samrakchhyan ra Bikas. In Chhapama Janajati, by Pratyoush Onta, Kumar Yatru and Bhashkar Gautam, eds., pp. 289-295. Kathmandu: Ekta Books.
- Koirala, Bidhyanath. 2064 V.S. Matribhashama Shikchhyan: Nepalko Bhashik Samasya Samadhan garne Tarika. In Shikchhyama Baikalpik Chintan, pp. 587-596. Kathmandu: Samajik Bikaskalagi Pragyik Manch.
- Yadav, Yogendra Prasad. 2006. Taraika Bhashaharu: Sandarva ra Sambhawana. In Madhes: Samasya ra Sambhawana, by Basanta Thapa and Mohan Mainali, eds., pp. 84-98. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
February 4: Gender Exclusion and Mahila Aandolan (Seira Tamang)
Reading requirements:
- Tamang, Seira. 2004. Nepalma Bikase Naribad. In Nepalko Sandarvama Samajshashtriya Chintan, by Mary DesChene and Pratyoush Onta, eds., pp. 522-557. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Tamang, Seira. 2002. Dis-embedding the sexual/social contract: Citizenship and gender in Nepal. Citizenship Studies 6(3): 309-324.
- Acharya, Meena. 1997. Political participation of women in Nepal. In Women and politics worldwide, by Barbara Nelson and Najima Chowdhary, eds., pp. 479-495. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
- Sob, Durga. 2063 V.S. Nepalma Mahila Aandolan ra Dalit Mahila. In Nepalma Dalit Mahila, by Dalit Mahila Sangh (FEDO), pp. 1-16. Kathmandu: Dalit Mahila Sangh.
February 5: Discussion on opinion paper (Pratyoush Onta and Pramod Bhatta)
February 9: Social Exclusion and Social Inclusion (Rajendra Pradhan)
Reading requirements:
- de Haan, Arjan. 2000. Social exclusion: Enriching the understanding of deprivation? Studies in Social and Political Thought 2(2): 22-40.
- Sen, Amartya. 2004. Social Exclusion: Concept, Application, Scrutiny. New Delhi: Critical Quest.
- Silver, Hilary. 1995. Reconceptualizing social disadvantage: Three paradigms of social exclusion. In Social Exclusion: Rhetoric, Reality, Responses, by Gerry Rodgers, Charles Gore and Jose Figueiredo, eds., pp. 57-80. Geneva: International Institute for Labor Studies, UNDP.
- Jackson, Cecile. 1999. Social exclusion and gender: does one size fit all? The European Journal of development Research 11(1): 125-146.
- Pradhan, Rajendra. 2006. Understanding social exclusion and social inclusion in the Nepalese context: some preliminary remarks. Paper presented at the workshop "Understanding social exclusion and social inclusion: Theories, methodologies and data" organized by the Social Science Baha and the Social Inclusion Research Fund/SNV, 3 June 2006.
February 11: Democracy and Inclusive States (Krishna Hachhethu)
Reading requirements:
- Hachhethu, Krishna. 2003. Democracy and nationalism: Interface between state and ethnicity in Nepal. Contributions to Nepalese Studies 30(2): 217-252.
- Mikesell, Stephen. 2004. Prajatantra. In Nepalko Sandarvama Samajshashtriya Chintan, by Mary DesChene and Pratyoush Onta, eds., pp.1-41. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Dryzek, John S. 1996. Political Inclusion and the Dynamics of Democratization. The American Political Science Review 90(3): 475-487.
- Johannsen, Lars and Karin Hilmer Pedersen. 2008. The Responsive State: Openness and Inclusion in the Policy Process. In Inclusive States: Social Policy and Structural Inequalities, by Anis A. Dani and Arjan de Haan, eds., pp.73-95. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
February 12: Madhes ra Nagarikata (Bhaskar Gautam)
Reading requirements:
- Gautam, Bhaskar. Forthcoming. Madhes Adhyayan: Prarambhik Tippani. Studies in Nepali History and Society.
February 13: Identity and Citizenship (Mukta Singh Tamang)
Reading requirements:
- Assiter, Alison. 1999. Citizenship Revisited. In Women, Citizenship and Difference, by Nira Yuval-Davis and Pnina Werbner, eds., pp. 41-53. London: Zed Books.
- Kabeer, Naila. 2005. Introduction: The search for inclusive citizenship: Meanings and expressions in an interconnected world. In Inclusive Citizenship: Meanings & Expressions, by Naila Kabeer, eds., pp. 1-27. New Delhi: Zubaan.
- Mohanty, Ranjita and Rajesh Tandon. 2006. Introduction: Identity, Exclusion, Inclusion: Issues in Participatory Citizenship. In Participatory Citizenship: Identity, Exclusion, Inclusion, by Ranjita Mohanty and Rajesh Tandon, eds., pp. 9-26. New Delhi: Sage.
February 15: Multiculturalism (Mukta Singh Tamang)
Reading requirements:
- Tamang, Mukta Singh. 2008. Samanata, Sanghiyata ra Bahusanskritik Rastrabad. In Rajya Punarsamrachana: Rajnitik, Arthik ra Sanskritik Drishtikon, by Krishna Khanal, Jhalak Subedi and Mukta Singh Tamang, pp. 105-158. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
- Kymlicka, Will. 2005. Liberal Multiculturalism: Western Models, Global Trends and Asian Debates. In Multiculturalism in Asia, by Will Kymlicka and Baogang He, eds., pp. 22-55. UK: Oxford University Press.Kymlicka, Will. 1995. The Politics of Multiculturalism. In Multicultural Citizenship, pp. 10-33. UK: Oxford University Press.
February 16: Issues in Diversity and Pluralism in Nepal (Hari Prasad Bhattarai)
Reading requirements:
- Bhattarai, Hari Prasad. 2004. Cultural diversity and pluralism in Nepal: Emerging issues and search for a new paradigm. Contributions to Nepalese Studies 31(2): 293-340.
- Pradhan, Rajendra. 2002. Ethnicity, caste and a pluralist society. In State of Nepal, by Kanak Mani Dixit and Shastri Ramachandaran, eds., pp. 1-21. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
February 18: Hinduism and Secularism (Sudhindra Sharma)
Reading requirements:
- Sharma, Sudhindra. 2004. Hindu Adhirajya ra Dharmanirapekchhyata. In Nepalko Sandarvama Samajshashtriya Chintan, by Mary DesChene and Pratyoush Onta, eds., pp.447-474. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
- Sharma, Sudhindra and Pawan Kumar Sen. 2008. Nepal Samasamayik Rajnitik Paristhiti-5. Kathmandu: Interdisciplinary Analysts.
- Toffin, Gerard. 2006. The politics of Hinduism and secularism in Nepal. Studies in Nepali History and Society 11(2): 219-240.
February 19: Discussion on opinion paper (Pratyoush Onta and Pramod Bhatta)
February 22: The Responses of Dalit NGOs and the State to Dalit Issues/Aandolan (Durga Sob)
Reading requirements:
- DFID/World Bank. 2005. The Public discourse and action to address caste discrimination. In Citizens with(out) rights: Nepal gender and social exclusion assessment, Chapter 8. Kathmandu: DFID/World Bank.
February 23: Development of Education in Nepal (Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Bhatta, Pramod. 2007. Providing Education for All: Foreign Aid and the Development of Primary Education in Nepal. Tokyo: Setsutaro Kobayashi Memorial Fund, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
- Caddell, Martha. 2007. Education and Change: A Historical Perspective on Schooling, Development and the Nepali Nation-State. In Education and Social Change in South Asia, by Krishna Kumar and Joachim Oesterheld, eds., pp. 251-284. New Delhi: Orient Longman.
- Valentin, Karen. 2005. Education and Nation-Building in Nepal: An Historical Perspective. In Schooled for the Future: Educational Policy and Everyday Life among Urban Squatters in Nepal, by Karen Valentin, pp. 53-68. Connecticut: Information Age Publishing.
February 25: Equity in Higher Education (Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Chanana, Karuna. 2001. Accessing higher education: The dilemma of schooling women, minorities, SCs and STs in contemporary India. In Interrogating Women's Education: Bounded Visions, Expanding Horizons, pp. 287-332. New Delhi: Rawat Publications.
- Mehta, Aashish and Rana Hasan. 2008. Underrepresentation in colleges: what do the data tell us? In In Search of Inclusive policy: Addressing Graded Inequality, by Sukhadeo Thorat and Narender Kumar, eds., pp. 166-181. New Delhi: Rawat Publications in association with Indian Institute of Dalit Studies.
- World Bank. 2002. Confronting the old challenges: The continuing crisis of tertiary education in developing and transition countries. In Constructing knowledge societies: New challenges for tertiary education. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
February 26: What we know and don't know much about Nepal's education? Implications for further educational research (Bidhyanath Koirala)
March 1: Issues in Nepal's Education (Kedar Bhakta Mathema)
Reading requirements:
- Mathema, Kedar Bhakta. 2007. Crisis in Education and Future Challenges for Nepal. European Bulletin of Himalayan Research 31: 46-66.
- Bhatta, Saurav Dev. 2004. Disparities in School Performance in the SLC Exams: an Exploratory Analysis. Studies in Nepali History and Society 9(2): 293-343.
- Stash, Sharon and Emily Hannum. 2001. Who goes to school? Educational stratification by gender, caste and ethnicity in Nepal. Comparative Education Review 45(3): 354-378.
- Parajuli, Mahesh Nath. 2062 V.S. Nepali Schoolma Dalit Bahishkar ra Bivedhka Kura. In Rajyako Punarsamrachanama Dalit Sahabhagita, by Bidhyanath Koirala, Rajan Khadka and Rajkumar Baral, eds., pp. 131-142. Kathmandu: Bidhyanath Koirala, Rajan Khadka and Rajkumar Baral.
March 2: Issues in Nepal's Higher Education (Hridaya Ratna Bajracharya)
Reading requirements:
- Khaniya, Tirth. 2007. Overview of the development of higher education in Nepal. In New Horizons in Education in Nepal, pp. 117-136. Kathmandu: Kishor Khaniya.
- Sijapati, Bandita. 2005. Perils of Higher Education Reform in Nepal. Journal of Development and Social Transformation 2: 25-33.
March 2: Martin Chautari writing style for academic papers (Shekhar Parajuli)
March 5: Discussion on opinion paper (Pratyoush Onta and Pramod Bhatta)
March 15: Deadline for submission of opinion paper 3.00 pm sharp.
March 16: Reservation/Affirmative Action in India (CK Lal)
Reading requirements:
- de Haan, Arjan. 2008. Citizens, Identity and Public Policy: Affirmative Action in India. In Inclusive States: Social Policy and Structural Inequalities, by Anis A. Dani and Arjan de Haan, eds., pp. 225-247. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
- Sharma, Arvind. 2005. History and theory of affirmative action in India. In Reservation and Affirmative Action: Models of Social Integration in India and the United States, pp. 143-169. New Delhi: Sage.
March 18: Debating the Policies for Social Inclusion in Nepal (Krishna B. Bhattachan)
Reading requirements:
- Bhattachan, Krishna B. 2005. Quest for Inclusive Democracy in Nepal: Identifying Process and Content. In Readings in Governance and Development, Volume IV, by Mukti Rijal, eds., pp. 70-85. Kathmandu: Institute of Governance and Development.
- Bhattachan, Krishna and Dilliram Dahal. 2007. Nepalma Aarakchhyan sambandhi Samajshastriya Drishtikon. In Bishesh Adhikar ra Aarakchhyanko Rajniti, by Purna Basnet and Suvash Darnal, eds., pp. 29-80. Kathmandu: Jagaran Media Center.
- Gurung, Harka. 2007. Nepalko Sandarvama Sakaratmak Bivedh. In Bishesh Adhikar ra Aarakchhyanko Rajniti, by Purna Basnet and Suvash Darnal, eds., pp. 81-115. Kathmandu: Jagaran Media Center.
- Rao, Aruna and David Kelehar. 2007. Samajik Samabesikaranko Madhyamka Rupma Sakaratmak Bivedh: Bhram ra Yethartha. In Bishesh Adhikar ra Aarakchhyanko Rajniti, by Purna Basnet and Suvash Darnal, eds., pp. 117-164. Kathmandu: Jagaran Media Center.
March 19: Affirmative Action in the United States of America (Mark Larsen)
- Libertella, Anthony, Sebastian Sora and Samuel Natale. 2007. Affirmative Action Policy and Changing Views. Journal of Business Ethics 74: 65-71.
- Burns, Prue and Jan Schapper. 2008. The Ethical Case for Affirmative Action. Journal of Business Ethics 83: 369-379.
- Brown, Susan and Charles Hirschman. 2006. The End of Affirmative Action in Washington State and its Impact on the Transition from High School to College. Sociology of Education 79(2): 106-130.
- Timeline of Affirmative Action Milestones in the US.
- Should affirmative action policies, which give preferential treatment based on minority status, be eliminated?
- Civil Rights and Racial Preferences: A Legal History of Affirmative Action.
March 22: Education, Equality and Citizenship: Lessons from Europe (Andreas Follesdal)
Reading requirements:
- Follesdal, Andreas. 2008. Equality of Education and Citizenship: Challenges of European Integration.
- Follesdal, Andreas. 2002. Schools and Equality. In Proceedings from the 26th Annual Conference of the ATTE Association for Teacher Education in Europe, pp. 29-42. Norway: Stockholm Institute of Education Press.
March 23: Reservation/Affirmative Action in Education (Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Koirala, Bidhyanath. 2007. Shaikchhik Aarakchhyan: Dalit Aarakchhyanko Swarup ra Parinati. In Bishesh Adhikar ra Aarakchhyanko Rajniti, by Purna Basnet and Suvash Darnal, eds., pp. 239-246. Kathmandu: Jagaran Media Center.
- Basant, Rakesh. 2006. Comments: Reservation in higher education. Seminar 565.
- Rao, S. Srinivas. 2008. Equality in higher education: The impact of affirmative action policies. In In Search of Inclusive policy: Addressing Graded Inequality, by Sukhadeo Thorat and Narender Kumar, eds., pp. 286-311. New Delhi: Rawat Publications in association with Indian Institute of Dalit Studies.
- Deshpande, Satish and Yogendra Yadav. 2008. Redesigning affirmative action. In In Search of Inclusive policy: Addressing Graded Inequality, by Sukhadeo Thorat and Narender Kumar, eds., pp. 191-208. New Delhi: Rawat Publications in association with Indian Institute of Dalit Studies.
March 29: Hurdles to social inclusion and multiculturalism in the current political transition in Nepal (Krishna Khanal)
Reading requirements:
- Khanal, Krishna. 2008. Rajya Punarsamrachanako Bhavi Rajnitik Gantabya. In Rajya Punarsamrachana: Rajnitik, Arthik ra Sanskritik Drishtikon, by Krishna Khanal, Jhalak Subedi and Mukta Singh Tamang, pp. 1-60. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
March 30: Social Inclusion in the Nepali Media (Shekhar Parajuli, JB Bishowkarma)
Reading requirements:
- Onta, Pratyoush, Harshaman Maharjan, Dev Raj Humagain and Shekhar Parajuli (Eds.). 2064 v.s. Samabesi Media. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari. (Read Introduction and Chapters 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 12)
Research Methods Sessions
April 5: The Logic of Social Research: writing a research proposal (Pratyoush Onta and Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Appadurai, Arjun. 2006. The Right to Research. Globalisation, Societies and Education 4(2): 167-177.
- Appadurai, Arjun. 2000. Grassroots Globalization and the Research Imagination. Public Culture 12(1): 1-19.
- Hart, Chris. 2005. Writing your research proposal. In Doing your masters dissertation, pp. 365- 405. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications.
April 6: What is the 'Field'? (Ramesh Parajuli, Dev Raj Humagain)
Reading requirements:
- Des Chene, Mary. 1997. Locating the Past. In Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science. Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson, eds., pp. 66-86. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Narayan, Kirin. 1993. How native is a 'native' anthropologist? American Anthropologist 95(3): 671-686.
April 8: Case Study Research (Pramod Bhatta)
Reading requirements:
- Yin, Robert K. 2003. Chapters 1&2. In Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
April 9: Using Large Data Sets: The Logic of Survey Research (Sudhindra Sharma)
Reading requirements:
- Neuman, W. Lawrence. 2003. Survey Research. In Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 3rd Edition, pp. 263-307. New York: Allyn and Bacon.
April 12: Feminist Research Method and Evolution of Research with Gender Perspective (Chandra Bhadra)
Reading requirements:
- Bhadra, Chandra. 2002. Poverty, gender and Intra-Household Resource Distribution: Implication on Human Resources Development. Hamro Sansar: A Journal of Women's Studies, Issue 1, March 2002: 6-12.
- Burns, Diane and Melanie Walker. 2005. Feminist Methodologies. In Research Methods in the Social Sciences, by Bridget Somekh and Cathy Lewin, eds., pp. 66-73. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications.
April 13: Content Analysis (Sharad Ghimire, Komal Bhatta, Harsha Man Maharjan)
Reading requirements:
- Krippendorff, Klaus. 2004. Chapter 2: Conceptual Foundation. In Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology, pp. 18-40. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Ghimire, Sharad. 2003. Nepali Chhapama batabaraniya Nyaya. In Mediako Chirfar: Kehi Samajik Sandarva, by Pratyoush Onta and Ramesh Parajuli, eds., pp. 23-68. Kathmandu: martin Chautari.
- Bhatta, Komal. 2002. Kathmanduka Sandhyakalin Patrika: Bishyabastu Bishleshan. In Mediako Antarbastu: Bibidh Bishleshan, by Pratyoush Onta, Rama Parajuli and ramesh Parajuli, eds, pp. 217-236. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
- Maharjan, Harsha Man. Forthcoming. Panchayatma 'Bikasko Lagi Sanchar' Awadharanako Rajniti.
April 15: Doing a Focus Group Discussion (Madhusudan Subedi)
Reading requirements:
- Kitzinger, Jenny. 2008. The methodology of focus groups: The importance of interaction between research participants. In Social Research Methods: A Reader (Indian Reprint), by Clive Seale, eds., pp. 269-272. London and New York: Routledge.
April 19: Doing and Coding an Interview (Navin Rawal)
Reading requirements:
- Quinn Patton, Michael. 2002. Qualitative Interviewing. In Qualitative Research and evaluation Methods, 3rd edition, pp. 339-427. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
April 20: Generating and Analyzing Qualitative Data (Bhim P. Subedi)
Reading requirements:
- Quinn Patton, Michael. 2002. Qualitative analysis and interpretation. In Qualitative Research and evaluation Methods, 3rd edition, pp. 429-540. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
April 21: Doing Observations (Janak Rai)
Reading requirements:
- Quinn Patton, Michael. 2002. Fieldwork strategies and observation methods. In Qualitative Research and evaluation Methods, 3rd edition, pp. 259-338. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- Des Chene, Mary. 1997. “We women must try to live”: The Saga of Bhauju. Studies in Nepali History and Society 2(1): 125-172.